The term «satyagraha» based on the particular reading Bhagavadgity that Gandhi began to study with nearly two decades of age (in the English translation of E. Arnolda). Gandhi devoted to this product of many years of reflection (which is reflected in a small book Anasakti yoga, and then in the collection of essays Gita-Mata), and which attracted him the possibility of harnessing the «philosophy of action» for the problems of political struggle. In accordance with the central concept of karma-yoga Bhagavadgity, which should strive only to the action as the realization dolzhenstvovaniya, but not to his «fruit» and to be free from attachments (in the terminology Gandhi «anasakti Yoga» – «Yoga neprivyazannosti »), showing equal treatment success and failure, Gandhi, and built his own« the philosophy of action ». To meet the criterion of truth, the action must be «disinterested» – performed not for selfish interests, but for the sake of the implementation of human purpose in this world, a model for what should be the behavior of the saint, who is working not for themselves but for God. «Satyagraha» same «experience with the truth», as well as to the impact of that amount to his disinterestedness. Truth and justice, not only can not be in contradiction with each other, but are one and the same. The criterion of truth is, apart from lack of interest, altruism, adherence to the interests of «other», and «other» (in the specific historical context – the interests of India and its people). Truth for Gandhi – not simply a moral virtue, but the divine power, the reality of space, which is invincible and irresistible.

After arriving in India, Gandhi did not immediately okunulsya in political struggle, as it could be assumed. He believed that it had no right to do so, because not has information about the real situation in their country. For 20 years, much has changed here. Satyagrah seeking the truth can not rely on any authoritative opinion on my past experience, especially on speculation and rumors. He constantly and diligently collects information about the political situation, no information will be sufficient. And indisputable facts, he will try to check and double check. What is the consequence for satyagrahi incomplete or distorted knowledge of the situation in which to operate? Of course, mistakes, failures, setbacks and eventual failure of the campaign. Not knowing that the opponent is significant and important, you risk their untested moves to provoke a violent response to it. Any failure of your supporters pose a temptation to resort to violent methods of struggle. Gandhi had: well aware that many violent acts are committed by virtue of vzaimoneponimaniya parties. Therefore, he argues that less than one half to two years and he did not think to interfere in the political life of the country. It gives me such a great time to вжиться, "vchuvstvovatsya" to the problem of the 300 millionth of India. Indeed, during this time, he travel all over the country from end to end, bringing a huge story about him, no one could tell.

But did not the two and four years before in India loudly zazvuchalo word "satyagraha". Again, it was the cause of an unjust law (Bill) passed the English 18 March, 1919. Once again turn to history. India already. Has long been one of the colonies of the British Crown. As with any colony, her mercilessly bleed. nischaet country every year. The people of India to see the dream home is not poor and hungry, but happy, rich, powerful, worthy of its great ancient culture. And what colony did not wish the same? But … England too strong, they say everything. And the peoples of India not to wear, hold, to have arms. It has to be cautious talk of the country the status of dominion. And here is a chance for freedom. Englishmen have started a reform to change the system of governance in India. On behalf of the sponsors, it is called "Montagu-Chelmsford reforms". According to her, the Indian authorities will not only be appointed from London, but partly elected by the Indians. Planned and other concessions. And while eakonoproekt far from radical, but maybe this is just the first step towards the democratization of India? The truth is, the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms has been delayed. This is understandable and the First World War, all the forces left to fight with the enemy. The Indians did not remain on the sidelines they are ready to assist the crown in a difficult moment, not without a back thought that their help will be appreciated and to speed up reforms. Gandhi even encourages them to actively join the British army that in the mouth of the well-known at that time an advocate of non-violence sounds very strange. To go to Europe to fight and die for the British unloved? Gandhi explains: If we can help the British during the war, then perhaps they allow us to carry weapons, and it was at war, we learn to master them. "If the average population to voluntarily assist the Government in the hour of testing, the distrust will disappear, and the prohibition to carry arms will be withdrawn" (from the leaflets, written by Gandhi during a recruitment campaign in Gujarat). Of course, what tends to Gandhi. This contradicts the idea of spoon satyagrahi? Probably. Gandhi-man, but man, he loved the Arab proverb, "there is embodied an error. "But the idea of obtaining the short arms held Mahatma. Only once in his entire life, he returned to the thought of the possibility of Indians to take up arms at this time during World War II, when Japanese soldiers approached the borders of his country , but hopes for Britons, it was a little bit. Meanwhile, in the First India has the world in the British army of 985 thousand (almost a million!) Soldiers, the war ended. England among the winners and Indian recruits no longer need it. The people in the colony during the war, however, quite dissolved, has the courage to assert any rights and elections. To assess the state of affairs is going to commission headed by Judge Roulettom. Commission deal, which lacks native, will give recommendations as to carry out reforms. Proposed by the Commission and formed the basis of Bill Rouletta. What is its essence? All the "relief", admitted during the war were lifted. Restored rigid censorship. Was created secret political police. The Governor-General received extraordinary powers. Imposing military field courts. The authorities were right to arrest and imprison without trial any suspected of disloyalty to them. in fact, Bill Rouletta authorized the launching of the country 's terror.

Вот статья, появившаяся в индийском уголовном кодексе: “Всякий, кто словами, либо произнесенными, либо предназначенными для чтения, или жестами, или изображениями, или другими способами возбуждает или пытается возбудить недовольство правительством, учрежденный законно в Британской Индии, подлежит следующему наказанию: пожизненной ссылке на каторгу, или ссылке на другие сроки, или тюремному заключению на срок от трех лет со штрафом или без оного” (статья 124а). It is obvious that if you want almost any act can be interpreted as an attempt "to bring the Government of discontent" and give the person a period without any judicial procedure. This is the background of the conflict. Instead, thanks to the Indians got sticks and UNFULFILLED hopes the British Government did hit another painful. Gandhi immediately after reading the bill decided to satyagrahu for its abolition. How and where to start satyagrahu? The first campaign in South Africa has started spontaneously. In addition to a small circle of adherents to ashram in Transvaal Indians have not been any political organization. In the case of India there has long operated a political force, as the Indian National Congress (INC). What is the INC issue separate, but the commission must be pointed out that almost all further work Gandhi was held in a close relations with Congress. Sometimes he sharply divergent views on his leadership. Sometimes alone manage it. INC Gandhi has delegated full authority over them and even gave the official title of "dictator". Congress gave Gandhi the rostrum. Gandhi gave Congress millions of new supporters (literally the number of members of the authority through the INC Gandhi rose to ten million). Gandhi always looking for associates. INK real strength. Therefore, the first thing Gandhi appealed to the local committee of Congress "Sabha", the proposal to immediately undertake the training satyagrahi. He was supported by describing the committee Satyagraha Sabha. The English proverb says: "Well begun half-made." (Well begun half done). The first step is to be understood and supported. Only the mass of participants will be able to ensure success. Where should you start? For Gandhi is not characterized by the slogan: "We have embarked on a battle, but they see '. Satyagrah trying to think, even nuanced. Discussion in Satyagrahe Sabha lasts all night, but the decision of where to start and could not be accepted. All costs Gandhi falls asleep right at the table, continuing to reflect on Bill Rouletta. In half awakening when it comes to the idea. He tells everyone that it is necessary to begin with hartala.

Constitute a waiver of any agreements and contacts with the unjust ruling system. Makes it unnecessary to "civil disobedience" in the above sense, therefore, is a safer way to fight for ordinary people. Of non themselves are not adversaries, but unworthy of their actions. Supporters satyagrahi can cooperate with government officials, where they see the possibility of a positive development, because they do not feel hatred towards the authorities. Instead, they are friendly to their opponents. Through cooperation with them that is not indecent, supporters satyagrahi seek to persuade the enemy to abandon the bad, unworthy deeds. Borets satyagrahi has unlimited capacity to carry the suffering without the desire to avenge them.

In India during the British colonial tactic of non-violent struggle for independence in two forms: of non and civil disobedience. A Mahatma Gandhi in the early XX century. The basic idea – in an effort to influence the reason and conscience of the opponent through: the renunciation of violence willingness to carry the pain and suffering satyagrahi The goal is to transform an opponent into an ally and friend – it is considered that an appeal to conscience better than threats and violence. In accordance with the theory of Gandhi, violence, sooner or later leads to an increase in violence, non-violence is to interrupt the spiral of evil and makes it possible to transform an enemy into supporters. Gandhi sees satyagrahu not as weapons of the weak, but rather as a weapon of the strongest spirit. … Now in India no one is buying British goods, the Indians leave the British companies and refuse to cooperate with the authorities. Sam Gandhi returns authorities coin, which was in the Anglo-Boer War in South Africa and which is valued (in 1899 Gandhi had participated in the war on the British side, providing medical assistance to wounded soldiers and officers, vytaskivaya them out of bullets on their shoulders). The symbol of the new satyagrahi becoming charkha, a traditional Indian distaff. On the call of Mahatma whole country is moving towards self-sufficiency, refusing to buy British goods, including expensive fabrics. Mahatma himself sits down for a spinning wheel and make your clothes and shoes. The Indians do not violate laws, they simply do not cooperate with authorities. They buy only Indian goods (even if those good in quality!), Burning British cloth that once purchased. For a nation that has become a spiritual breakthrough, the internal opening. It turns out that their political and economic dependence on England – the result of their collaboration with the colonialists! But the same can not cooperate, it is possible to live their lives and did not notice the enemies! First British Gandhi showered with derision, but soon begin to feel the shock – they do not notice, they do not worship traditions, their trading companies have a tremendous loss. Comes to the fact that Indians do not notice the Crown Prince of Wales, who arrives in India. Streets of cities extinct when there is shown a high visitor, the embodiment of the sacred royal power. Satyagraha – this is a long way, and not Gandhi pursues the results. The latest satyagrahu, which was marked by «salt campaign», Gandhi conducted in 1930.

"Satya" is the Sanskrit word for "Truth." The word "Graha" means "holding to." Satya Graha, commonly translated as "Truth Force," is the name that Mahatma Gandhi gave to his movement of social change through nonviolence. Gandhi, born in India in 1869 and educated as a lawyer in England, first used civil disobedience to change race laws against Indians in South Africa. He later applied the same tactics to win Independence for India from British rule. He was assasinated in 1948. Martin Luther King Jr. remains Gandhi's most outstanding heir; many of Gandhi's Satya Graha strategies were used by Dr. King in his civil rights movment for racial equality and social justice.